Fort Saint-Jean

Exploring the Rich History of Fort Saint-Jean in Marseille

If you're planning a trip to Marseille, make sure to include a visit to the iconic Fort Saint-Jean in your itinerary. This historic fortification, built in 1660 by Louis XIV, stands proudly at the entrance to the Old Port and offers a fascinating glimpse into Marseille's past.

Historical Significance

Fort Saint-Jean holds immense historical significance as it was constructed on the site previously occupied by the Military Order of the Knights Hospitaller of Saint John. The fort takes its name from this order and was built as a response to a local uprising against the governor rather than for the defense of the city. In fact, the cannons of the fort pointed inwards towards the town, not outwards towards the sea.

During the French Revolution, the fort served as a prison and held notable prisoners such as Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, and his sons. Tragically, after the overthrow of Robespierre, around a hundred Jacobin prisoners held in the fort were massacred.

Architectural Features

As you approach Fort Saint-Jean, you'll be captivated by its impressive architectural features. The fort incorporates two earlier buildings into its structure: the twelfth-century Commandry of the Knights Hospitaller of St John of Jerusalem and the fifteenth-century tower of René I, King of Provence. These additions add a touch of medieval charm to the fort's overall design.

Things to Do and See

Once inside the fort, you'll find a wealth of attractions and activities to enjoy. The fort is now linked by two foot-bridges to the historical district of Le Panier and the Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations (MuCEM). MuCEM is the first French national museum located outside Paris and offers a unique cultural experience.

Take a leisurely stroll through the fort's grounds and soak in the panoramic views of the Old Port and the Mediterranean Sea. Explore the various exhibitions and displays that showcase Marseille's maritime history and the region's rich cultural heritage.

Fun Facts

Did you know that Fort Saint-Jean was occupied by the German military during World War II? In November 1942, the fort fell under German control until it was liberated by Allied forces in August 1944. Unfortunately, during the liberation, a munitions depot within the fort exploded, causing significant damage to its historic battlements and buildings.

When to Visit

Fort Saint-Jean is open to visitors throughout the year, allowing you to explore its fascinating history and architectural beauty at your own pace. However, it's worth noting that the fort can get quite busy during peak tourist seasons, so consider visiting during weekdays or early mornings to avoid crowds.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply seeking a unique cultural experience, Fort Saint-Jean in Marseille is a must-visit destination. Immerse yourself in the rich history of this iconic fortification and discover the captivating stories that have shaped Marseille's past.